本章概览 (Guide)：

• 参数估计的步骤与假设检验基本相同，但是在逻辑上有差别。假设检验试图否定虚无假设，而参数估计则是对于总体参数的值作有根据的猜测。此外，在假设检验得出显著性的基础上，参数估计也能进一步帮助我们确定这种显著的变化的具体数量。本章，我们将从点估计、区间估计出发，估计四种情况下的总体均值。
  The steps for parameter estimation are basically same as hypothesis testing, but there are logical differences. Hypothesis testing attempts to refute the null hypothesis, while parameter estimation is a based guess about the values of population parameters. In addition, based on the significance obtained from hypothesis testing, parameter estimation can further help us determine the specific quantity of such significant changes. In this chapter, we will start with point estimation and interval estimation to estimate the population mean for four scenarios.

学习要点 (Learning Points)：

1. 了解区间估计和假设检验的联系
   Understand the connection between interval estimation and hypothesis testing
2. 掌握点估计的逻辑与缺点
   Master the logic and drawbacks of point estimation
3. 掌握区间估计的逻辑
   Master the logic and drawbacks of interval estimation
4. 学会对方差已经情况下、方差未知情况下总体均值进行估计
   Learn how to estimate the population mean in situations where the other party's variance is already known and the variance is unknown
5. 学会对独立组总体均值差异、相关组总体均值差异进行估计
   Learn how to estimate population mean of independent groups and correlated groups
6. 掌握影响置信区间宽度的因素
   Master the factors that affect the width of confidence intervals

目录

• 点估计 (Point esitimation)
• 区间估计 (Interval estimation)
• 方差已知情况下总体均值的估计 (Estimation of population mean with known variance)
• 方差未知情况下总体均值的估计 (Estimation of population mean with unknown variance)
• 独立组总体均值差异的估计 (Estimation of population mean difference among independent groups)
• 相关组总体均值差异的估计 (Estimation of population mean difference among correlated groups)
• 影响置信区间宽度的因素 (Factors affecting the width of confidence intervals)
• 区间估计和假设检验的联系 (The connection between interval estimation and hypothesis testing)

作业

• 2023作业 (homework of 2023)
• 2024作业 (homework of 2024)