用户工具

站点工具


参数_统计量和取样误差_中英

1、参数 (parameter)

参数是用于描述总体特征的数值,我们可以从一次测量中获得参数,也可以从一系列对总体的测量中推论得到。 Parameter is a numerical value used to describe the characteristics of a population, which can be obtained from a single measurement or inferred from a series of measurements on the population.

2、统计量(statistic)

统计量是用于描述样本特征的数值,我们可以从一次测量中获得统计量,也可以从一系列对样本的测量中推论得到。

Statistic is a numerical value used to describe the characteristics of a sample, which can be obtained from a single measurement or inferred from a series of measurements on the sample.


可以看到对于参数和统计量的定义有着相似的形式,但是这二者之间同样有着差异。

We can see that there is a similar form in the definition of parameters and statistics, but there are differences between the two.

在对一组样本的测量过程中,统计量是确定的,但是当我们更换样本再次进行测量,统计量的值就可能改变,也就是说,统计量的值是不定的,会随着样本的选取而变化,而参数则是一个固定的值。

In the measurement process of a set of samples, a statistic is deterministic. However, when we replace the sample and measure again, the value of the statistic may change. In other words, the value of the statistic is not fixed and can vary with the selection of samples, while a parameter is a fixed value.

在研究中,我们常常用样本统计量来估计总体参数,但样本作为总体的子集,并不能完全等同于总体,在样本统计量和总体参数之间多少存在差异。

In research, we often use sample statistics to estimate population parameters, but a sample, as a subset of the population, cannot be completely equivalent to the population, resulting in some differences between sample statistics and population parameters.


3、取样误差(sampling error)

取样误差是指样本统计量和样本所对应的总体参数之间的差异。

Sampling error refers to the difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter corresponding to the sample.


我们并不能彻底避免取样误差的出现,因为样本和总体之间总是存在差异,基于有限的信息做出的推论也许并不准确,而我们能做的只有运用正确的方法尽量减少取样误差,或是将其保持在研究允许的范围内。

We cannot completely avoid the occurrence of sampling errors because there is always a difference between the sample and the population. Inferences made based on limited information may not be accurate, and all we can do is use the correct methods to minimize sampling errors as much as possible or keep them within the allowable range in the study.

参数_统计量和取样误差_中英.txt · 最后更改: 2024/03/02 08:15 由 aiyuheng