t检验
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t检验
一、t 统计量
二、t与z的不同适用条件
三、t统计量的自由度 Degree of Freedom
1.自由度(degree of freedom):描述了样本中可以自由变化的分数的数目。
- Degrees of freedom describe the number of scores in the sample that are free to vary.
2.若样本容量为n,因为样本均值对于样本中的分数值构成了限制,所以t检验中样本有df=n-1个自由度。
- If the sample size is n, the sample has df = n-1 degrees of freedom in the t-test because the sample mean poses a restriction on the value of the fraction in the sample.
3.t分布的形状受自由度df影响。n的数目越大(或df越大),t分布就越接近正态分布。
- The shape of the t-distribution is influenced by the degrees of freedom df. The larger the number of n (or the larger the df), the closer the t-distribution is to a normal distribution.
四、t分布表 t-distribution table
1.t分布表描述了几个不同的t分布。对于每一个不同自由度,都存在一个不同的t 分布(即使当df变大时,差别实际上变得很小)。
- The t-distribution table describes several different t-distributions. For each of the different degrees of freedom, there is a different t-distribution (even though the difference actually becomes small as df gets larger).
2.表中的每一行都对应于不同的t分布,因表中没有足够的空间列出对应每个可能的t分数概率. t分布表中列出的只是最常用的临界区域的t分数(即,对应于那些最常用的 alpha 水平)
五、t检验 t-test
- t检验属于一种推论统计方法,我们根据抽取样本来推测其代表的总体分布。
- The t-test belongs to a method of inferential statistics in which we infer the overall distribution it represents based on the samples drawn.
- t检验的步骤(Steps for t-test:):
- 陈述H0和H1;确定显著性标准a;
- State the H0 and H1 and determine the significance criteria.
- 确定检验是单尾还是双尾;
- Determine if the test is one or two-tailed;
- 确定检验的自由度df;
- Determining the degrees of freedom of the test;
- 程序计算或查表得到临界t分数;
- Calculate with the program, or look up the table to get the critical t-score.
- 计算样本的实际t分数;
- Calculate the actual t-score of the sample;
- 比较样本的实际t分数与临界t分数;
- Compare the actual t-score of the sample with the critical t-score;
- 对H0作出结论。
- Conclude whether to accept H0.
- tobs=计算出的t分数(the actual t-score)。
- tcrit=表中的临界t分数(the critical t-score)。
t检验.1711025687.txt.gz · 最后更改: 2024/03/21 12:54 由 hant_g._cavendish