样本是从总体中抽取出的一部分,变异程度应该小于总体
The sample is a portion of the population and should be less varied than the population
如果样本统计量高估或低估了总体参数,就称为有偏估计。如果用样本统计量作总体方差,就低估了总体方差,是有偏估计。
If a sample statistic overestimates or underestimates a population parameter, it is called a biased estimate. If the sample statistic is used as the population variance, the population variance is underestimated and biased.
样本方差的分母是n-1,即s²=SS/n-1,标准差s=√(SS/n-1)
用n-1作分母是用自由度来校正样本离差,以利于对总体参数的无偏差估计
The denominator of the sample variance is n-1, i.e., s²=SS/n-1, and the standard deviation s=√(SS/n-1).Using n-1 as the denominator is to use the degrees of freedom to correct the sample dispersion, so as to facilitate the unbiased estimation of the population parameters.