====== 第三章：集中量数与差异量数 ======

====== Chapter3: Central tendency and  Variability======
=)**本章概览**：\\ **Guide**:
{{ :第三章:data.svg?500 |}}
  * 集中量数：分布的中间位置的情况，也叫集中趋势，用来估计和预测总体的情况。\\ Central tendency: The situation at the middle position of a distribution, also known as concentration trend, used to estimate and predict the overall situation.
  * 差异量数：描述数据分布的变异性，是对分布的延伸和聚集状态程度的定量化描述，用来衡量估计和预测的误差大小。\\ Variability: describes the variability of data distribution, is a quantitative description of the extension of distribution and the degree of aggregation, used to measure the size of estimation and prediction errors.

:!:**学习要点**：\\ **Points**：
  - 学会计算均值，中数和众数；\\ Learn to calculate mean, median, and mode;
  - 对于给定的分数分布，确定如何选用适宜的集中量数；\\ Learn how to choose the appropriate central tendency for a given score distribution;
  - 学会计算标准差，四分位距和全距；\\ Learn to calculate standard deviation, interquartile range, and full range;
  - 对于给定的分数分布，确定如何选用适宜的差异量数。\\ Learn how to choose the appropriate variability for a given score distribution

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=== 集中量数 (Central Tendency): ===

  - [[算术平均数、中数、众数|算术平均数、中数、众数 (Arithmetic mean, median, mode)]]
  - [[分布的形状与集中量数|分布的形状与集中量数 (The shape of distribution and central tendency)]]
  - [[comparison|集中量数的比较 (The comparison of central tendency)]]

=== 差异量数 (Variability): ===

  - [[全距、标准差、四分位距|全距、标准差、四分位距 (Full range, standard deviation, interquartile range)]]
  - [[compare|差异量数的比较 (The comparison of variability)]]

=== 作业 (Homework): ===
  * [[homework3|2023第三章作业 (Chapter3 homework of 2023)]]
  * [[2024homework3|2024第三章作业 (Chapter4 homework of 2024)]]