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**描述统计（descriptive statistics）**
  *定义：描述统计是指用来整理、概括、简化数据的统计方法，侧重于描述一组数据的**全貌**，刻画一件事物的性质。
  *常用的描述统计有求**平均值**、**标准差**等。
  *描述统计常利用**图、表**的方式来表示。
  
  *Definition: Descriptive statistics refers to statistical methods used to organize, summarize, and simplify data,focusing on **describing the overall picture of a set of data** and characterizing the properties of something.
  *Common descriptive statistics methods include calculating **mean** and **standard deviation**.
  *Descriptive statistics often use **graphs and tables** to dscribe statistics.

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**推论统计（inferential statistics）**
  *定义：推论统计是指用一系列数学方法，将从**样本数据**中获得的结果推广到样本所在的总体。
  *由于现实条件的限制，实际研究中可能无法逐一考察总体中的每一个个体，只能利用有**代表性**的样本来推测总体的情况。
  *进行推论统计的关键在于所抽取的样本要能够**尽量接近所要研究的总体**，使得产生的**取样误差**最小。

  *Definition: Inferential statistics refers to the use of a series of mathematical methods to generalize the **results obtained from sample data** to the population where the sample is located.
  *Due to limitations in practical conditions, it may not be possible to examine each individual in the population one by one in actual research, only **representative samples** can be used to infer the overall situation of the population.
  *The key to conducting inferential statistics is to extract samples that are **as close as possible to the population** being studied, in order to minimize the **sampling error**.