假设检验的基本逻辑
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| - | ===== 假设检验的基本逻辑 | + | ===== 假设检验 （Hypothesis testing） |
| + | * 定义：用样本数据来评价有关总体的某一假设的可置信性的推论程序。以样本为依据，对总体作出判断 | ||
| + | * Definition: A process of inference using sample data to evaluate the confidence of a hypothesis about a population. Based on the sample, the judgment is made on the population | ||
| + | * 可置信性：在多大程度上可以相信这个假设是正确的 | ||
| + | * Confidence: The extent to which the hypothesis can be believed to be correct | ||
| + | * 程度的判断基于样本均值的概率分布 | ||
| + | * The degree is judged based on the probability distribution of the sample mean | ||
| + | * 研究设计的两种结果： | ||
| + | * Two results of research design: | ||
| + | - 研究假设：样本均值与总体均值间有显著差异 | ||
| + | - Research hypothesis(H1): | ||
| + | - 虚无假设：样本均值与总体均值间无显著差异 | ||
| + | - Null hypothesis(H0): | ||
| + | * 显著性水平（α）：在检验过程中，我们假设虚无假设是真实的，同时计算出观测到的差异完全是由随机误差所致的概率，称为观测概率p。若p≤α，则拒绝虚无假设；如果p> | ||
| + | * Significance level (α): During the test, we assume that the null hypothesis is true, and the difference we observed is entirely due to random error, which is called the observed probability p. If p ≤α, the null hypothesis is rejected, and if p is >α, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | ===== 假设检验的基本逻辑（The basic logics of hypothesis testing） | ||
| + | | ||
| + | Describe the hypothesis: The null hypothesis(H0) and the research hypothesis(H1) | ||
| + | 2.设定决策标准：找出z分数界定的临界区域 | ||
| + | Set the decision standard: Find out the critical value by z-score | ||
| + | 3.收集数据，计算样本统计量 | ||
| + | Collect the data and calculate the sample statistics | ||
| + | 4.做出决策：如果得出的z分数落在拒绝区域中，就拒绝H0 | ||
| + | Decide: If the z-score falls in the reject area, reject H0. | ||
假设检验的基本逻辑.1678697477.txt.gz · 最后更改: 2023/03/13 08:51 由 wisture